Caste, Equality and Sustainability: the Conundrum

Abstract

Caste discrimination remains a significant barrier to achieving sustainable development in India. This paper argues that dismantling caste-based hierarchies is essential for inclusive economic growth, social justice, and environmental wellbeing. Despite being a diverse and rapidly progressing nation, India continues to grapple with deeply entrenched caste-based disparities that hinder social cohesion and economic progress (Deshpande, 2001). The paper explores how caste disadvantages marginalized communities (Dalits, Adivasis, and Other Backward Classes) in education, employment, and access to resources (Jatav, et al., 2015). This exclusion hinders their ability to contribute fully to India’s economic potential and fosters social unrest (Shah, Lerche, & Donegan, 2017). Furthermore, caste discrimination intersects with environmental issues, as marginalized communities are often relegated to ecologically fragile lands (Gopal, 2020). Drawing on empirical evidence and scholarly research, the study highlights the adverse effects of caste-based discrimination on marginalized communities and argues for the urgent need to address these disparities for sustainable and inclusive development (Galab & Kumar, 2019). It reviews legislative interventions and affirmative action policies aimed at mitigating caste-based inequalities and evaluates their effectiveness in promoting equal opportunities for all citizens (Government of India, 1989). Additionally, the study discusses the potential economic benefits of fostering caste-related equality, citing examples of successful models that have demonstrated the positive impact of inclusivity on productivity and overall development (Kundu, 2014). The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of affirmative action policies, dismantling social prejudices, and fostering inclusive