EEG Signals to Digit Classification Using Deep Learning-Based One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract

The communication between the human brain and the external devices can be established using Electroencephalograms (EEG)-based Brain–Computer Interface by converting the neural activities of the brain into electric signals. The EEG signals were isolated into an energy–frequency–time spectrum with Hilbert Huang transform that was used by the Deep Learning (DL)-based model to learn discriminative spectro-temporal patterns of the raw EEG signals of ten digits. This paper has two major contributions: first, create a novel dataset known as BrainDigiData of EEG signals of ten digits from (0–9) using a multi-channel EEG device. Second to propose a DL-based one-dimensional Convolutional neural network model BrainDigiCNN to classify the BrainDigiData of EEG signals of digits. The publicly available Mind Big Dataset (MBD) of digits was also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The research done in this paper showed that the band-wise analysis of EEG signals in a complex scenario resulted in improved results as compared to the scenario used in the previously existing work for digit classification using EEG signals. The proposed BrainDigiCNN model achieved the highest average accuracy of 96.99%. The average classification accuracy of 98.27% was achieved for the MBD dataset of 14 channel device EMOTIV EPOC+ and 89.62% on the MBD dataset of 5-channel EMOTIV Insight. The statistical analysis of the proposed model on traditional Machine Learning (ML) classifiers using paired t-test resulted in a p-value less than 0.05 which shows the significant difference between the proposed model and ML classifiers. © 2022, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.